ProductBackground:Hyaluronicacid(HA)isahighmolecularweightanionicpolysaccharide(1,000-10,000kD)composedofrepeatingdisaccharidesandisoneofseveralglycosaminoglycancomponentsoftheextracellularmatrixofconnectivetissue.
FreeHAistakenupbytheliverwhereitisdegradedandrecycled.Manychronicliverdiseases,includinginfection(hepatitisBorC),toxicity(alcoholanddrugs),genetic(hemochromatosis),autoimmunity,andmalignancy,resultinliverinflammationwhichcanprogresstoliverfibrosisandcirrhosis;causingimpairmentofliverfunctionandresultinginarapidincreaseincirculatingHAlevels.
DataindicatesarelationshipbetweenHAlevels,localinflammationandseverityofdisease.RecentpublicationshavealsoshownthatHAlevelsinurineareindicativeofbladdercancer,thatHAlevelsaredirectlycorrelatedtoliverdisease,andsuggestsenhancedbreakdownofHAinthelungsofpatientswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease.Inaddition,serumlevelsofHAhavebeenfoundtobeelevatedinpatientswithrheumatoidarthritis.

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FeaturedinPublications:(seetheHAELISATDSformorereferences)
1.Meuwese,M.C.,H.L.Mooij,etal.(2009)."Partialrecoveryoftheendothelialglycocalyxuponrosuvastatintherapyinpatientswithheterozygousfamilialhypercholesterolemia."JLipidRes50(1):148-153.
2.Vendrov,A.E.,N.R.Madamanchi,etal.(2010)."NADPHOxidasesRegulateCD44andHyaluronicAcidExpressioninThrombin-treatedVascularSmoothMuscleCellsandinAtherosclerosis."JournalofBiologicalChemistry285(34):26545-26557.
3.B.KIM,etal.(2010)."Retinylretinoateinduceshyaluronanproductionandlessirritationthanotherretinoids."TheJournalofDermatology37(5):448-454.
4.HaSEROdt,S.,M.Aytekin,etal.(2011)."Acomparisonofthesensitivity,specificity,andmolecularweightaccuracyofthreedifferentcommerciallyavailableHyaluronanELISA-likeassays."Glycobiology21(2):175-183.
5.Hill,D.R.,H.K.Rho,etal.(2013)."HumanMilkHyaluronanEnhancesInnateDefenseoftheIntestinalEpithelium."JournalofBiologicalChemistry288(40):29090-29104.
6.Measurementoflow-molecularheightHA:Schmaus,A,Klusmeier,S.etal(2014)"AccumulationofsmallhyaluronanoligosaccharidesintumourinterstitialfluidcorrelateswithlymphaticinvasionandlymphnodemetastasisBr.J.Cancer111(3):559-567
7.Tang,S.C.,S.J.Yeh,etal.(2014)."Associationbetweenplasmalevelsofhyaluronicacidandfunctionaloutcomeinacutestrokepatients."JNeuroinflammation11:101.
8.MeasuringHAmassdistribution:Yuan,H.,R.Amin,etal.(2015)."Determinationofhyaluronanmolecularmassdistributioninhumanbreastmilk."AnalyticalBiochemistry474:78-88.

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